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Monuments in India
Ajanta Ellora
Ajanta Ellora
FINISHED CAVES
Cave 1: This is one of the finest monasteries at Ajanta. Graciously
posed Bodhisattvas with elaborate headdresses flank the antechamber doorway.
On its either side are two of the best-known murals Bodhisattva Padmapani
and Bodhisattva Vajrapani holding a thunderbolt (right) accompanied by
attendants, divine musicians and flying figures.
The left wall
of the antechamber depicts the assault and temptation by Mara, the god of
passion, and on the right wall is the dark princess being offered lotuses by
a lady. In the shrine, the Buddha is seen in the teaching position. Under
his throne appears the Wheel of Life. The left wall of the hall shows scenes
from the Mahajanaka Jataka. To the right of the rear wall are episodes from
the Champeyya Jataka.
Cave 2: It is remarkable for the
painted ceiling with large medallions, delicate bands of lotus flowers,
scrollwork and abstract geometric patterns. Episodes connected with the
birth of the Buddha such as the dream of his mother Maya, its interpretation
by the priests and the birth of Gautama occupy the left wall. Next of this
is a representation of the Miracle of Shravasti when the Buddha manifested
himself in thousand forms.
Cave 4: Planned on a
grandiose scale, but never completed, this is the largest monastery at
Ajanta. It has a central doorway embellished with guardians, flying figures,
maidens clutching trees and also images of the Buddha and Ganas, or dwarfs,
with garlands. Six gigantic standing figures of the Buddha are carved in the
walls of the antechamber.
Cave 6: Excavated on two
levels, it has a splendidly carved entrance. The lower hall has 16 octagonal
columns. In the shrine is the seated Buddha accompanied by standing Buddhas.
The upper hall has only one painting, depicting the gift by a monk.
Cave 7: Unlike the other monasteries, this one contains only
two small porticos and does not have a hall. The shrine has a seated Buddha
with a halo carved on the back wall.
Cave 9 : Rectangular in plan, with a monolithic hemispherical Stupa
in the center. Traces of wall-paintings can be seen above which are figures
of the Buddha in various poses.
Cave 10 : Probably the
earliest cave excavated at Ajanta. The paintings, though largely
obliterated, reveal a royal personage accompanied by soldiers, musicians and
dancers, worshipping the Bodhi Tree and the Stupa. Also of interest are the
Jataka tales on the right wall.
Cave 11: Believed to be
excavated in phase II, it has an entrance with a lion-head at each end of
the threshold. The ceiling of the verandah is painted with trees, birds,
beast and geometric design. The walls of the hall are adorned with figures
of the Buddha.
Cave 12: Among the earliest of
monasteries its doorways in the hall are topped with arched Chaitya window
motifs. Particularly noteworthy is a Brahmi inscription recording the gift
of the rear wall of the cell in the right corner of the hall.
Cave 13: It is a small monastery belonging to the earlier phase of
excavation. The hall has seven narrow cells, each with two stone beds. One
of the cells has a raised stone pillow in it.
Cave 14: This
cave, excavated at a higher level, can be reached by passing through an
incomplete cave. It has a central doorway whose top is adorned with
attendants and maidens clutching branches.
Cave 15: A
two-tiered structure, it has a Stupa with a canopy of serpent hoods in the
lower tier. The upper tier has a Chaitya window motif with a pair of
beautifully carved pigeons. The rear wall of the hall is carved with an
image of the Buddha seated on a throne.
Cave 15A: Reached
by a descending flight of steps near Cave 15. the walls of the hall are
carved with Chaitya window motifs in relief. Each of the cells in the hall
has a door and raised platforms, which served as beds.
Cave 16: It is one of the finest monasteries at Ajanta. It has a
donative inscription of Varahadeva a minister of the king Harisena. The
ceiling of the front aisle replicates wooden beams, the ends being supported
by Ganas, musicians and flying couples. The teaching Buddha is seated on a
lion-throne. To his left is the dying Princess (the bride of Buddha's cousin
Nanda) on the right wall is the painting of Siddhartha (later the Buddha)
using the bow, and the Buddha begging for alms from his wife and son. On the
front wall of the hall are two scenes from the Jataka tales in which the
Bodhisattva appears as an elephant and as a wise judge, settling a dispute
between two women claiming motherhood of the same child.
Cave
17: The greatest number of wall-paintings are preserved in this cave.
The doorway shows a row of eight Buddhas surrounded by female guardians,
river gooses, and scrollwork and lotus petals. On the left side wall of the
verandah is the unusual composition of the Wheel of life displaying all of
creation. The painting in the hall illustrates the Jataka tales.
Cave 18: A rectangular excavation, it has two pillars with molded
bases and octagonal shafts leading into another cell.
Cave 19: One of the most perfectly executed rock-cut Chaityas with
elaborately carved interiors. Seated Budda figures as well as riders, flying
figures, hermits and musicians adorn the column capitals. Two rows of richly
decorated columns lead up to the standing Buddha. The shrine has a triple
stone umbrella above the monolithic Stupa.
Cave 20: A
small monastery with delicately carved verandah columns and bracket figures.
The hall has no pillars, and some of the cells inside have, above their
lintels, a design, which resembles the Shikhara - the top of a temple.
Cave 21: A monastery which, although only partially complete,
has many richly ornamented columns. On the left wall is a fragment of a
painting showing the Buddha preaching to the congregation. Above the side
shrines of the verandah are carved Hariti, the goddess of prosperity, and
her attendants to the right, and a court of Naga, the serpent king to the
left.
Cave 22: Excavated at a higher level, this small
monastery with a narrow verandah has four unfinished cells. On the right
wall of the shrine are painted the seven Manushi-Buddhas with Maitreya,
under their respective Bodhi Trees.
Cave 26: The interior of this Chaitya Hall is decorated with carved
Buddha figures. The focal Stupa has an image of the Master seated in a
pavilion. The two narrative scenes on the left wall show the temptation by
Mara, the god of passion, and a colossal carved figure of the reclining
Buddha, depicting his ultimate salvation from the cycle of rebirth-the
Mahaparinirvana. The disciples beneath are shown to be mourning the decease
of the master, while celestials are rejoicing in his salvation.
Cave 27: An adjunct cave 26, it has a shrine and an antechamber with
its narrow front wall portraying a Naga king, a couple and a female standing
gracefully on a Makara, a mythical sea monster, with a bird perched on her
right hand. The shrine has an image of the Buddha in teaching attitude.
Ajanta has two
kinds of Caves:
Ajanta Ellora Home
Finished Caves
Unfinished Caves
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